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  The Mausoleum Chashma-Ayub («The Source of Holy Iov») is situated not far from the gate Talipach, in the north-western part of  Bukhara . It is one of the religious monuments of  architecture, which includes mausoleum and "holly source", "chashma" means “well”. There is an inscription near the well, which says that the mausoleum was built in 1379-1380 by experienced masters from Khorezm. According to the legend the monument has the connection with prophet Iov (Ayub) who once travelled here during drought and helped local people dying of thirst. When he struck with his staff, there was a source of crystal-clear water, which remains clear and healing. There are also museum of water and exhibition of carpets in this mausoleum. If you visit this monument you have to drink water from this source as it’s known it has healing qualities.                    

  Museum of Sadriddin Aini Of potential interest to fans of Uzbekistan's literary heritage is the House Museum of Sadriddin Aini (7B Registan; 355 153; © 09.00-17.00 daily). The house museum of Sadriddin Aini (1878-1954), an educator, organizer of the first "new method" schools in Bukhara, an outstanding poet and writer, and the founder of modern Tajik and Uzbek literature, is located in the center of ancient Samarkand, close to Registan square. Built around a peaceful, whitewashed courtyard just metres from the Registan, the house museum has none of the crowds of its more famous neighbour. Aini settled down here after he had escaped Bukhara, having suffered from the repression of the Bukhara Emir. The writer lived in this house, a late 18th century building, for more than 35 years. It was in these rooms that Aini (1878-1954) wrote his most famous texts, including the novels  Slaves  and  Dokunda,  and the collection includes early editions, photographs and personal paper

 Abdullakhan Timi is the largest open-air market in Bukhara. It was built during the reign of Abdullah Khan. (1577). The base of Abdullakhan temple is square (39X42 m), closed on 3 sides, and is entered with a pediment in the form of a head. There are arched shelves on both sides of the walls. A high-domed porch surrounds the tim. The middle mionsarai (diameter - 10 m) is covered with a high dome. Light shines through arched openings under the dome. Corridor around Mionsaray. There were shops with dome roofs in the small corridors. The building is made of adobe (22x27x3.5 cm), the walls are plastered, and almost no ornaments have been preserved. In the past, there was trade in silk and wool gauze here. Abdullakhan Timi is considered to be the largest among the shopping stalls and various buildings in Bukhara, and it is very complex and beautiful in terms of its shape and appearance. It has been repaired several times, and there are shops.              

 In Bukhara, near the famous historical complex Lyab-i Hauz, the well-known architectural monument Kukeldash Madrasah is located (built in 1568 - 1569). It is the largest Bukhara madrasah and one of the largest ones in Central Asia. It was built during the reign of Abdullah-Khan II and was funded by Bukhara governor Kulbab who ruled the city under several khans and managed to maintain good relations with all of them. For his close relationship with the khans the governor was given the title Kukeldash, which was one of the highest standings in the khan’s court and meant ‘a milk brother’. Later the madrasah was named after him.         

 Nadir Divan-begi Madrasah is a part of the architectural complex located round well-known Lyabi-Hauz in Bukhara. The madrasah building, as well as khanaka nearby, were named after vizier Nadir by whose order they were constructed. Vizier Nadir served at a court yard of one the strongest and powerful representatives of Ashtarkhanid dynasty Imamkuli-khan, who ruled in Bukhara in 1611-1642. The board of Imamkuli-khan was one of the most stable and relatively peaceful for the whole history of Ashtarkhanids in Bukhara. It was time when governors paid attention not only to constant wars, but also to town-planning               

  The madrasah of Abdulaziz Khan was built in Bukhara in 1652, 235 years later than the Ulugbek Madrasah. Contrary to tradition, it becomes a part of the architectural complex without inheriting the design of the attraction that had been constructed earlier. From the very beginning, it was planned to create a luxurious madrasah that would absorb the skills of the best architects of that time in order to amaze and delight people with its beauty and decoration. According to available information about that period, Abdulaziz Khan was known for his bravery and generosity. It is equally important that he was a lover of science and education. This is confirmed by the fact that one of the most beautiful libraries with manuscripts was collected during his reign. Another evidence is the madrasah build by his order.                     

 Ulugbek Madrasah in Bukhara is one of the earliest buildings, which was constructed by the donation of Ulugbek (1394 - 1449 gg.). It was completed in 1417 and it was not known before the opening of Ulugbek madrasah in Samarkand. Ulugbek, according to historian Al- Abdurazzakov Samarkand, visited his madrassa in the month of Dhu al- ka'da (November 1419) at a trip to Bukhara. Here he wrote about the author said: "Shahzad Ulugbek was pleased to visit the madrasah, located within the city of Bukhara and constructed due to its exceptional generosity." Ulugbek Madrasah was repaired several times. The first repair was made on the order of Ubaidullah Khan (1533 -1539 years). During the reign of Khan and his son Abdulaziz (1539 - 1549) in the Ulugbek Madrasah were taught eminent scholars, poets, calligraphers.             

 The Mosque Kalyan is one of the oldest in Central Asia, and the largest after Samarkand Bibi Khanum Mosque, is the main cathedral mosque of Bukhara. Design features say about the close connection of Ulugbek era. According to an inscription, the mosque was built at the beginning of the XV century. The building is a vast courtyard, surrounded by galleries, square columns, covered with domes. The building accommodated up to 10,000 people. The building has a traditional rectangular plan with four ayvans. The unusual beauty of mosaic frames the facade of the mosque, covered with glaze. The dome, which merges with the blue of the sky, towering over all the buildings of the city, and it gives the impression of massiveness of the building. Despite this, the architecture of the mosque Kalyan differs with simple, clarity and proportionality of forms. There are the inscriptions of Holy Muslim book – Koran on the wall of the mosque. The main entrance – East is decorated with a large portal, cover

  There are two big blue domes of the Miri-Arab madrasah towering above the surrounding buildings in the center of Bukhara. Along with the Kalyan mosque and minaret, this religious educational establishment forms the whole ensemble Poi-Kalyan that is the spiritual center of the city. Construction of the Miri-Arab madrasah dates back to the 16th century and is related to the sheikh Abdallah Yamani (from Yemen), the spiritual pir (guide) of sheybanids. The exact date of the beginning of the construction is still unknown. According to one version, scientists believe that the building was erected in the period of 1530-1535/1536. The other version states, that the madrasah was built to celebrate the victory of the sheybanid army over the troops of the Sefevid shah Ismail I in the battle of Gijduvan in 1512. It is also supposed that the final construction works were carried out on the funds of Ubaydulla-khan; the money received from the sale of 3000 captive Iranians to slavery. This madrasah

  On approaching Bukhara, travelers can see far in the distance Kalayn Minaret, towering over hardly noticeable buildings of Bukhara. In the Middle Ages the caravans that traveled hundreds of miles along the Great Silk Road used the minaret as a landmark, which is natural enough as the word ‘minaret’ is derived from Arabic minora, meaning ‘lighthouse’. In wartime, from the top of the minaret the guards watched the movements of the enemies in the vicinity of the town. Right after Islam was established in Bukhara in 713, there was built a mosque and a minaret at the foot of the fortress. Early in the 12th century, during the rule of Arslankhan of the Karakhanids Dynasty, the mosque was relocated to urban area, at a distance from the fortress, the old minaret was taken apart, and instead a new minaret was erected opposite the southern flank of shakhristan. The minaret had to reflect the greatness of the town and the piety of its ruler.                  

  Making a   trip to Uzbekistan , to one of the most mysterious cities – Bukhara, do not neglect a chance to visit Fayzulla Khodjaev Museum. House-Museum of Fayzulla Khodjaev, located in the old part of  Bukhara , in Goziyon neighborhood, is the bright example of the architecture of the XIX century. Fayzulla Khodjaev Museum memorializes one of the eminent politicians of Uzbekistan, whose active work fell on the beginning of the XX century. Fayzulla Khodjaev, is, undoubtedly, a key politician figure of Uzbek history of 1920-1930. His fantastic career and tragic final left many ambiguities, covered with discrepant myths of the XX century. Fayzulla Khodjaev, a native of Bukhara, belonged to the richest people of Bukhara khanate. At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries there was a state of classical Asian monarchy headed by the amirs of Mangyt clan under the protectorate of the Russian Empire.                             

  Of the numerous country palaces of  Bukhara  rulers there survived the best of them:  Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa  – the summer residence of the last Bukhara emirs. The palace is located at a distance of 4 kilometres north from  Bukhara , by the road that runs to  Gijduvan . The first structures in this picturesque area were built in the mid-19th century during the rule of Emir Nasrullakhan. In the 1880s, his successor Muzaffarkhan built here a palace for his beloved wife Sitora-bonu. The most skillful Bukhara craftsmen were sent to Russia to learn the best practices of country residence construction.  Soon after that, under the supervision of  architect Hajji Khafiz, there was constructed sumptuous set of rooms including throne room, which had a peculiar mixture of European an d Asian architectural styles. Around the palace there was laid out a park with fountains, pergolas and loggias. The ruler’s wife died young, but her name remained in the name of the palace -  Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa , whi

  Northeast of Bukhara in the village of Kasri Orifon is one of Sufism's more important shrines (working hours 8am-7pm), the birthplace and the tomb of Khazreti Mohammed Bakhauddin (Baha-al-din, Uzbek: Bahovuddin) Nakhshbandi (1318-1389), the founder of the most influential of many ancient Sufi orders in Central Asia, and Bukhara's unofficial 'patron saint'. Bakhauddin (The Decoration of Religion) was born a few kilometres from the present complex in the town of Kasri Orifon into a family of metalworkers, from where he took the name Nakhshbandi (Engraver of Metals). He came under the early influence of Abdul Khaliq Gijduvani and as a married man spent 12 years in the employ of Tamerlane's nephew Khalil Sultan after which, according to the Encyclopedia of Islam, he devoted himself to "the care of animals for seven years and road-mending for another seven". This last vocation is not quite as bizarre as it may sound, for Nakhshbandi espoused a life of hard w

  The Samanid mausoleum is located in the historical urban nucleus of the city of Bukhara, in a park laid out on the site of an ancient cemetery. The mesmerizing tomb of Ismael Samani is an architectural bolt from the blue. The oldest, best preserved and most breathtakingly original building in Bukhara, it is without doubt oneof the architectural highlights of any visit to Uzbekistan. This mausoleum in Samani Park, completed in 905, is the town’s oldest Muslim monument and probably its sturdiest architecturally. According to the legend, the founder of Samanids dynasty, Ismail Samanid, built this mausoleum for the father. Later this building became the family burial-vault of all Samanids. Presumably, Ismail himself, who died in 907, and his grandson Nasr II ibn Ahmad, who died in 943 and whose name was found on the wood plate above the entrance, were buried here. This mausoleum is recognized to be a masterpiece of the world architecture for the perfection of its geometric forms. It is o